I want to put a few thoughts here so I know where they are when I need them. As usual I am typing as I am thinking.
Trying to update the fox work has become a lot weirder because of, in the main, black foxes. Also, odd though this may sound, better communications.
When I first started out there were no computers or mobile phones (please, do not faint -it was quite normal for us and we never suffered). You had to put an appeal in newspapers or talk to people and record what they had seen. You would ask for a detailed description and the response was very likely going to be: "Oh, right you are. It was a fox" and that was it.
I only noticed differences in fox fur patterns after studying a lot of footage and many photographs but even then nothing extreme in morphology. While running the Exotic Animals Register (EAR) I would speak to many people and ask what other sort of wildlife was in the area and apart from foxes being rarely seen I would get mentions of (in one case from a lady who was a night time taxi driver in Devon) of black foxes -not seen once but on several occasions. Then someone mentioned white foxes and it got slightly confusing when to this were added black and white or a small white or small black foxes seen in the Scottish borders area -all ridiculed until one was shot for "looking unusual". Then I traced back the releases of arctic foxes. Hayley de Ronde of Black Foxes UK has studied this matter and discovered a great deal about the once legal fox fur trade and fox farms in the UK.
Most people who had foxes visiting them, like the badger feeders, kept these quiet for obvious reasons (yes, there are people out there snatching foxes in towns and cities and we can only guess why though we do know fox baiting was taking place in the Midlands a few years back). Now a black fox could have been either a melanistic red fox or silver fox -all I had to go on was "a black fox" (raccoon dogs do not help in the confusion!).
But it seems that since the 1990s there are more black foxes being reported and I'm not sure if that is because more people are now wildlife aware or because of other factors. It may well be likely that many of the black foxes reported are fur farm escapees or dumps and that puts this in the same scenario as the non native cat issue.
I know that non native cats were kept in private as well as travelling menageries and escapes from these were not rare -even primates such as gorillas as I noted in one of my earlier books-and there is a very great suspicion that "excess stock" that could not be exchanged or sold off 'escaped' along some of the rough roads menageries often travelled. Oh, UK fox hunts releasing jackals, wolves and coyotes and even wolves for the ‘sport’ when they had almost wiped out the British fox added to the mix.
Now the press in the old days often reported any animal sighted as "probably having escaped from some travelling menagerie" as that was an easy explanation. True, there were gorilla and chimp escapes, wolverines escaping and even humorous accounts of kangaroo escapes. I know areas of England where cats have lived and bred and been known about by locals since the 1920s/1930s and each generation has warned the next of precautions to take if they come across one of the cats. The public at large knows none of this because the cats are seen as wildlife that takes care of the less wanted critters such as rats, mice and rabbits –foxes are also on the menu.
Sightings of 'big cats' are always funny season items or in today's sensationalist medium either funny or “Deadly Killers At Large!!!” (yes, even when some photos do only clearly show a domestic cat or dog and the zoos that tell repoirters “it could be a large cat” really need to have their training stepped up). Country shooters who work nights on farms "pest controlling" have told me of well known local large cats and they never attempt to even shoot them because "they help in the job". None of this is widely known.
If someone saw a black fox in the past they might mention it but who cares? It is either an "omen of ill will" so keep quiet or so rare "you were lucky to see it".
No one -because it was a blind spot in the public vision- thought about fur farms and if they knew of an escape they probably thought to be quiet and "let it live its life in the wild".
Being a joke or after effect of ‘too much drink’ cat reports were never seriously looked into but we know that they were either kept in pairs when they ‘escaped’ or were freed or a male found a female and they were breeding: there is an absolute piece of pure fantasy that is often cited by certain people claiming to be “big cat” experts (X= The Unknown and “spurt” is a drip under pressure) that if there is, say, a female puma in Wales and a male puma in Cumbria, the male will travel all the way to Wales hence why a cat is reported for a few days then it is gone. That is double-dumb-ass-with oakleaf cluster talk.
Have the cats really bred, though? Well, unlike the copy and paste “experts” I do the research work. I have a book, reminiscences of a clergyman in the 19th century in which he recounts an incident from the late 1840s in which a woman saw and perfectly described a black leopard near a Devon village. However, the locals assumed that this was a ghost because a coffin being transported to a church was dropped on the same road earlier. A ghost was far more likely an explanation –a leopard was not even considered! Other reports point to similar instances going on around the UK and even during the early years of WW 2 (before any US troops brought any type of exotic to the UK –another “experts” fantasy).
I have a letter from a nurse who used to visit Chester Zoo and would always visit the puma there (her favourite) and when, in the 1970s she saw one in the countryside and close to she KNEW it was a puma. But there was another smaller cat, spotted and the best she could describe it as was a "sphynx cat" and when I asked for more details I told her that what she saw was a puma cub (she had never seen one before).
Now we get "blur cat" photos or video footage of these cats and still no one really believes -this attitude is helped by "big cat" groups and bad reporting.
And the cats have a good diet out in the wild. These cats whether African wild cats, jungle cats, lynx or puma have been in the UK for at least two centuries and in that time not one person has been harmed by one. There have been faked incidents but there is only one genuine incident I can think of and that involved a scratch (very light) from a lynx that a woman received when she tried to take a wild rabbit it had killed from it –I have no idea why anyone would do something that daft.
So we are now getting reports of black fox cubs (but all fox cubs are black so...) but far more people are noticing and photographing and filming black foxes so we can tell what is a melanistic red fox or a silver fox. Recent escapees or the current generation of offspring of escapees that have realised, as red foxes have, that humans chuck food out willy-nilly so why struggle looking for rabbits during hard times or when there are extra cubs to feed? (yes, the correct term is “kit” but using that term usually gets blanks looks but you say “cubs” everyone knows what you mean!)
Unlike the large cats we have to look at whether escapee offspring are moving into towns (which they have not though they are observed on the outskirts –as are rats and rabbits) and whether this might lead to interbreeding between the red fox and North American Silver fox –the silver fox is a domesticated pet fox.
I was once told that if I received one or two reports (totally different field) of something to plot them on a map. Then I ought to go back a year and see whether there were similar reports and plot those on a separate map. And I ought to do this for each year I could find reports. I did that with cats and found there were territories as well as patterns. On a combined map it looks impressive!
What the mapping showed me were how reports increased but more importantly no one was told of the sighting reports - until they contacted me.
I can see the same thing happening with black/silver foxes. In this case the only way to tell if silver foxes have bred "in the wild" is if photos or film turns up showing a really young individual and this is why licensing or registration of these foxes is needed because you have to ask whether this was a young individual bred from two pets and it escaped, is a young silver fox that was purchased and escaped or is it the offspring of wild living silver foxes?
I hate to say it but the similarities are far too similar and so are the areas in which the escapes/sightings are reported. This leads me to conclude that Hayley de Ronde
may well suffer quite a few confusion headaches in future 
The 'big cat' mystery of today could soon be the "black fox mystery" and sadly there is no current legislation to tighten up the controls on who can keep these foxes -control of cats, primates, etc had no legislation until 1976 after all and now any exotic in the wild is on a government public hit list. They are classed as an “invasive species” and this means that they are trapped, poisoned, snared and shot with impunity. An escaped pet raccoon dog can be shot or even euthanized (killed) and the owner still be looking for it.
Humans have slaughtered and made extinct many, many species. We have introduced rabbits and rats (the former deliberately for ‘sport’) as well as rabbits to countries such as Australia which has already made species extinct and thinks nothing of shooting huge numbers of kangaroos from helicopters as well as snaring, poisoning, shooting and even clubbing feral cats and dogs and that includes foxes while shouting “protecting a unique natural environment!” Yet that is just an excuse to allow killing to continue and a lot do it more for ‘fun’ than anything else. Prey numbers (rats, mice, rabbits) increase but that’s fine –they can shoot, poison, snare and club those and there is never a clear thought that tells them that if you leave the Predator they will take care of the Prey and the predators numbers do not increase as there is natural regulation (breed then food is plentiful but stop breeding when there is little food –that is scientifically proven).
In the UK the use of snares is abhorrent. They kill pet cats, dogs, hedgehogs and badgers (the latter two supposedly “protected species”) as well as foxes. Badger baiting and hunting foxes with dogs is still taking place on the Shropshire-Cheshire border weekly…and local police know it. Protected birdsre-introduced are also killed –shot, poisoned and nests smashed. Yet the UK is “a nation of animal lovers”.
What we should be doing is letting the new introduced species that have been here for at least two centuries get on with living. The economic value to local communities of “Tours of the Big Cat sighting territory” etc could be great but when mentality allows badger baiting, culling as well as fox killing to continue there is little chance. We are in a country where a farmer spots an escaped pet lemur and shoots it “because it looked odd” or where another farmer kills an arctic fox for the same reason.
The UK wants to maintain the reputation –the chocolate box fake image- as a nation of animal lovers and Her Majesty’s Government declaring all invasive species must be killed because “they will wipe out our native wildlife” which is a lie. Canada Geese are not native…well they have been accepted as native now and there are many others that can be listed. Ancient woodland and countryside is torn up to allow railway lines and motorways to be built and each of these results in a bigger negative impact on the environment than any raccoon dog or lynx. In my own city, Bristol, the City Council brags about the environment and its pledge to encourage wildlife and birds and yet time and again they have torn up hedgerows and chopped up trees (in nesting season) destroying nests and I have witnessed this first hand on several occasions.
We need to understand that evolution is evolution and it has had a lot of assistance from humans in the past.
With Silver foxes –I didn’t forget- there are reputable breeders but the bottom line is that they breed to sell. For every legitimate breeder there are a dozen who want only the money. We have heard the rumours of attempts to breed silver foxes with red foxes. We have seen the silver fox escapes: and one is showing a leg injury while another lost its leg through a snare all while keepers shrug and declare “not mine!” (the silver foxes ‘obviously’ arrived here in a flying saucer).
If you want a pet silver fox –fine. However, there should be responsibility on the breeders to ensure that whether a vixen or dog fox before they are sold to anyone they should be incapable of breeding. Anyone saying “I’m looking for a male and female pair” should sound alarm bells. Recapturing and then treating and re-homing the escapees - if they survive the cars, snares and shooters- costs a lot of money and that should be the responsibility of the owner though there seems to be an attitude of ducking out of responsibility: not only should prospective new homes be checked as well as facilities before and silver fox is sold but it should also be ensured by law that every animal is micro-chipped and local authorities should check the new owner’s facility at least once a year (as with old Dangerous Wild Animals Act regulations) to check for potential escape risks.
It is a sad thing to write but if this type of legislation is not brought in then we may one day find silver foxes escaping, breeding and at some point replacing the red fox but at the same time being labelled an “invasive species” –and the horrors that entails.
Time for coffee
https://www.blackfoxes.co.uk/
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Photographer unknown
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